129 research outputs found
Human Body Digital Twin: A Master Plan
The human body DT has the potential to revolutionize healthcare and wellness,
but its responsible and effective implementation requires consideration of
various factors. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the current
status and future prospects of the human body DT and proposes a five-level
roadmap for its development. The roadmap covers the development of various
components, such as wearable devices, data collection, data analysis, and
decision-making systems. The article also highlights the necessary support,
security, cost, and ethical considerations that must be addressed in order to
ensure responsible and effective implementation of the human body DT. The
proposed roadmap provides a framework for guiding future development and offers
a unique perspective on the future of the human body DT, facilitating new
interdisciplinary research and innovative solutions in this rapidly evolving
field.Comment: 3 figure
Simple is not Easy: A Simple Strong Baseline for TextVQA and TextCaps
Texts appearing in daily scenes that can be recognized by OCR (Optical
Character Recognition) tools contain significant information, such as street
name, product brand and prices. Two tasks -- text-based visual question
answering and text-based image captioning, with a text extension from existing
vision-language applications, are catching on rapidly. To address these
problems, many sophisticated multi-modality encoding frameworks (such as
heterogeneous graph structure) are being used. In this paper, we argue that a
simple attention mechanism can do the same or even better job without any bells
and whistles. Under this mechanism, we simply split OCR token features into
separate visual- and linguistic-attention branches, and send them to a popular
Transformer decoder to generate answers or captions. Surprisingly, we find this
simple baseline model is rather strong -- it consistently outperforms
state-of-the-art (SOTA) models on two popular benchmarks, TextVQA and all three
tasks of ST-VQA, although these SOTA models use far more complex encoding
mechanisms. Transferring it to text-based image captioning, we also surpass the
TextCaps Challenge 2020 winner. We wish this work to set the new baseline for
this two OCR text related applications and to inspire new thinking of
multi-modality encoder design. Code is available at
https://github.com/ZephyrZhuQi/ssbaselin
Numerical modelling of hydrodynamic responses of Ocean Farm 1 in waves and current and validation against model test measurements
With the continuous growing of the aquaculture industry and increasingly limited fish farming sites at close to shore areas both in Norway and worldwide, there is a need to develop fish farms suitable for aquaculture production in typical offshore environments. For this purpose, SALMAR has developed and deployed the Ocean Farm 1 facility for offshore fish farming. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a reliable numerical model and investigate the motion responses of the Ocean Farm 1 structure in waves and current. The established numerical model consists of the Ocean Farm 1's frame structure (with rigidly-connected circular column components), the net and the mooring system. The hydrodynamic external loads and coefficients of the frame structure are obtained by using potential flow theory. The quadratic drag load on the individual circular columns of the frame structure is formulated by a given drag coefficient. The loads on the net are formulated by using the screen model, where the Reynold number dependent lift and drag forces are formulated as a function of the solidity ratio Sn of the net, relative inflow angle and velocity. The hydrodynamic loads on the mooring lines are formulated using the Morison's equation and the structural responses of the mooring lines are obtained using a nonlinear FE model. With the developed numerical model, time domain simulations are performed. The simulation results are firstly validated against measured data from the decay tests, current tests, and regular wave tests. After the validation, numerical simulations are performed in different irregular wave and current combined weather conditions and the obtained motion response of Ocean Farm 1 are discussed and compared with available measurement data.acceptedVersio
Application of deep eutectic solvents in protein extraction and purification
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a mixture of hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) molecules that can consist, respectively, of natural plant metabolites such as sugars, carboxylic acids, amino acids, and ionic molecules, which are for the vast majority ammonium salts. Media such as DESs are modular tools of sustainability that can be pointed toward the extraction of bioactive molecules due to their excellent physicochemical properties, their relatively low price, and accessibility. The present review focuses on the application of DESs for protein extraction and purification. The in-depth effects and principles that apply to DES-mediated extraction using various renewable biomasses will be discussed as well. One of the most important observations being made is that DESs have a clear ability to maintain the biological and/or functional activity of the extracted proteins, as well as increase their stability compared to traditional solvents. They demonstrate true potential for a reproducible but more importantly, scalable protein extraction and purification compared to traditional methods while enabling waste valorization in some particular cases
Avoiding the Great Filter: A Simulation of Important Factors for Human Survival
Humanity's path to avoiding extinction is a daunting and inevitable challenge
which proves difficult to solve, partially due to the lack of data and evidence
surrounding the concept. We aim to address this confusion by addressing the
most dangerous threats to humanity, in hopes of providing a direction to
approach this problem. Using a probabilistic model, we observed the effects of
nuclear war, climate change, asteroid impacts, artificial intelligence and
pandemics, which are the most harmful disasters in terms of their extent of
destruction on the length of human survival. We consider the starting point of
the predicted average number of survival years as the present calendar year.
Nuclear war, when sampling from an artificial normal distribution, results in
an average human survival time of 60 years into the future starting from the
present, before a civilization-ending disaster. While climate change results in
an average human survival time of 193 years, the simulation based on impact
from asteroids results in an average of 1754 years. Since the risks from
asteroid impacts could be considered to reside mostly in the far future, it can
be concluded that nuclear war, climate change, and pandemics are presently the
most prominent threats to humanity. Additionally, the danger from superiority
of artificial intelligence over humans, although still somewhat abstract, is
worthy of further study as its potential for impeding humankind's progress
towards becoming a more advanced civilization cannot be confidently dismissed
A solid state fungal fermentation-based strategy for the hydrolysis of wheat straw
This paper reports a solid-state fungal fermentation-based pre-treatment strategy to convert wheat straw into a fermentable hydrolysate. Aspergillus niger was firstly cultured on wheat straw for production of cellulolytic enzymes and then the wheat straw was hydrolyzed by the enzyme solution into a fermentable hydrolysate. The optimum moisture content and three wheat straw modification methods were explored to improve cellulase production. At a moisture content of 89.5%, 10.2 ± 0.13 U/g cellulase activity was obtained using dilute acid modified wheat straw. The addition of yeast extract (0.5% w/v) and minerals significantly improved the cellulase production, to 24.0 ± 1.76 U/g. The hydrolysis of the fermented wheat straw using the fungal culture filtrate or commercial cellulase Ctec2 was performed, resulting in 4.34 and 3.13 g/L glucose respectively. It indicated that the fungal filtrate harvested from the fungal fermentation of wheat straw contained a more suitable enzyme mixture than the commercial cellulase
- …